By: Pearl Phillip | Editorial credit: Everett Collection/shutterstock.com August 17, 2025, marks the 138th anniversary of the birth of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr., the Jamaican political activist, Black nationalist, Pan-Africanist, and founding father of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Born on August 17, 1887, in Saint Ann’s Bay, Garvey’s vision for unity, empowerment, and […]
By Brian Figeroux, Esq. | Civil Rights Attorney | www.askthelawyer.us As we mark the hypothetical centenary of Malcolm X in 2025, it is a poignant exercise to consider how this transformative figure, had he lived, would view the United States today. To undertake such an analysis requires a deep immersion in his philosophy and religious […]
By Ralph Thomassaint Joseph, DOCUMENTED President Biden’s historic pardon of Ragbir, a Trinidadian immigration activist, and Garvey, the renowned Jamaican Pan-Africanist, have sparked widespread celebration. In one of his final acts in office, former President Joe Biden pardoned Ravi Ragbir, a New York-based immigrant rights leader and Trinidadian immigrant who had been under a removal order for […]
By Esther Claudette Gittens Introduction The question of “Who is an American?” has been central to the nation’s identity since its founding. From the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed that “all men are created equal,” to modern debates about immigration, race, and national identity, the definition of who belongs in America has been contested and […]